reosoftproductions.com
RODNEY AND ARLYN'S WEB SITE
☰
THE TECH TECH SPEAK HOUSE FAMILY
Dictionary

Abbreviations and Definitions

Abbreviations and Definitions
Abbreviation Meaning Definition
  Apache Ant Apache Ant, or Another Neat Tool, is a software tool for automating software build processes. It was a replacement for the unix Make build tool. It is similar to Make but is implemented using the Java language, requires the Java platform, and is best suited to building Java projects.

The most immediately noticeable difference between Ant and Make is that Ant uses XML to describe the build process and its dependencies, whereas Make uses Makefile format. By default the XML file is named build.xml.

My Apache Ant Information
  Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. The core of the technology, Derby's database engine, is a full-functioned relational embedded database-engine, supporting JDBC and SQL as programming APIs. It uses IBM DB2 SQL syntax.
  Apache Hadoop Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework for distributed storage and distributed processing of very large data sets on computer clusters built from commodity hardware. The core of Apache Hadoop consists of a storage part, known as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and a processing part called MapReduce. Hadoop splits files into large blocks and distributes them across nodes in a cluster. To process data, Hadoop transfers packaged code for nodes to process in parallel based on the data that needs to be processed.
  Apache Hive Apache Hive is a data warehouse infrastructure built on top of Hadoop for providing data summarization, query, and analysis. Apache Hive supports analysis of large datasets stored in Hadoop's HDFS and compatible file systems such as Amazon S3 filesystem. It provides an SQL-like language called HiveQL with schema on read and transparently converts queries to map/reduce, Apache Tez and Spark jobs. All three execution engines can run in Hadoop YARN. To accelerate queries, it provides indexes, including bitmap indexes.

Here is my Hive information.
  Apache log4j Apache log4j is a Java-based logging utility. It is now a project of the Apache Software Foundation. log4j is one of several Java logging frameworks. The log4j team has created a successor to log4j with version number 2.0.

Apache Log4j 1.2
Apache Log4j 2
  Apache Pig Pig is a high-level platform for creating MapReduce programs used with Hadoop. The language for this platform is called Pig Latin. Pig Latin abstracts the programming from the Java MapReduce idiom into a notation which makes MapReduce programming high level, similar to that of SQL for RDBMSs. Pig Latin can be extended using UDF (User Defined Functions) which the user can write in Java, Python, JavaScript, Ruby or Groovy and then call directly from the language.

My Pig
  Apache ZooKeeper Apache ZooKeeper is a software project of the Apache Software Foundation, providing an open source distributed configuration service, synchronization service, and naming registry for large distributed systems. ZooKeeper was a sub-project of Hadoop but is now a top-level project in its own right.
  asynchronous Asynchronous is an adjective describing objects or events that are not coordinated in time. In computer programs, asynchronous operation means that a process operates independently of other processes, whereas synchronous operation means that the process runs only as a result of some other process being completed or handing off operation. A typical activity that might use a synchronous protocol would be a transmission of files from one point to another. As each transmission is received, a response is returned indicating success or the need to resend. Each successive transmission of data requires a response to the previous transmission before a new one can be initiated.
  bytecode Bytecode, also known as p-code (portable code), is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter. Unlike human-readable source code, bytecodes are compact numeric codes, constants, and references (normally numeric addresses) which encode the result of parsing and semantic analysis of things like type, scope, and nesting depths of program objects. They therefore allow much better performance than direct interpretation of source code.
  Cloudera Cloudera, Inc. is an American-based software company that provides Apache Hadoop-based software, support and services, and training to business customers.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, is a standardized network protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP addresses for interfaces and services. With DHCP, computers request IP addresses and networking parameters automatically from a DHCP server, reducing the need for a network administrator or a user to configure these settings manually.
DHTML Dynamic HTML Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is an umbrella term for a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated web sites by using a combination of a static markup language (such as HTML), a client-side scripting language (such as JavaScript), a presentation definition language (such as CSS), and the Document Object Model (DOM).

DHTML allows scripting languages to change variables in a web page's definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of otherwise "static" HTML page content, after the page has been fully loaded and during the viewing process. Thus the dynamic characteristic of DHTML is the way it functions while a page is viewed, not in its ability to generate a unique page with each page load.
  Domain (Windows) A Windows domain is a form of a computer network in which all user accounts, computers, printers and other security principals, are registered with a central database located on one or more clusters of central computers known as domain controllers. Authentication takes place on domain controllers.

When the following command is entered on a Windows command prompt, echo %logonserver%, and it returns back the local machine name, you using a local account, not a domain controller.
DC Domain Controller On Microsoft Servers, a domain controller (DC) is a server that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.) within a Windows domain.
DNS Domain Name Servers Domain Name Servers, or DNS, are the Internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. This is necessary because, although domain names are easy for people to remember, computers or machines, access websites based on IP addresses.

Information from all the domain name servers across the Internet are gathered together and housed at the Central Registry. Host companies and Internet Service Providers interact with the Central Registry on a regular schedule to get updated DNS information. When you type in a web address, e.g., www.jimsbikes.com, your Internet Service Provider views the DNS associated with the domain name, translates it into a machine friendly IP address (for example 216.168.224.70 is the IP for jimsbikes.com) and directs your Internet connection to the correct website.

After you register a new domain name or when you update the DNS servers on your domain name, it usually takes about 12-36 hours for the domain name servers world-wide to be updated and able to access the information. This 36-hour period is referred to as propagation.

You can use the following Comcast's DNS servers (IPv4):
  • 75.75.75.75
  • 75.75.76.76
You can use the following Comcast's DNS servers (IPv6):
  • 2001:558:feed::1
  • 2001:558:feed::2
You can use the following Google's DNS servers (IPv4):
  • 8.8.8.8
  • 8.8.4.4
They are free to all, pretty fast too and works with all sort of computers and game consoles.
DML Data Manipulation Language A data manipulation language, or DML, is a family of syntax elements similar to a computer programming language used for selecting, inserting, deleting and updating data in a database. Performing read-only queries of data is sometimes also considered a component of DML.
  DNS Suffix Search List Determines the DNS suffixes to attach to an unqualified single-label name before submission of a DNS query for that name.

With this setting enabled, when a user submits a query for a single-label name, such as "example", a local DNS client attaches a suffix, such as "microsoft.com", resulting in the query "example.microsoft.com", before sending the query to a DNS server.

If you enable this setting, you can specify the DNS suffixes to attach before submission of a query for an unqualified single-label name. The values of the DNS suffixes in this setting may be set using comma- separated strings, such as "microsoft.com,serverua.microsoft.com,office.microsoft.com". One DNS suffix is attached for each submission of a query. If a query is unsuccessful, a new DNS suffix is added in place of the failed suffix, and this new query is submitted. The values are used in the order they appear in the string, starting with the leftmost value and preceding to the right.

If you enable this setting, you must specify at least one suffix.

If you disable this setting, the primary DNS suffix and network connection-specific DNS suffixes are appended to the unqualified queries.
DSC Desired State Configuration DSC allows for declaratively specifying how a software environment should be configured.

Upon running a configuration, DSC will ensure that the system gets the state described in the configuration. DSC configurations are idempotent. The Local Configuration Manager (LCM) periodically polls the system using the control flow described by resources (imperative pieces of DSC) to make sure that the state of a configuration is maintained.
DTC Distributed Transaction Coordinator The Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) service is a component of modern versions of Microsoft Windows that is responsible for coordinating transactions that span multiple resource managers, such as databases, message queues, and file systems. MSDTC performs the transaction coordination role for components, usually with COM and .NET architectures. In MSDTC terminology, the director is called the transaction manager.
DTO Data Transfer Object Data transfer object (DTO) is an object that carries data between processes. The motivation for its use has to do with the fact that communication between processes is usually done resorting to remote interfaces (e.g. web services), where each call is an expensive operation. Because the majority of the cost of each call is related to the round-trip time between the client and the server, one way of reducing the number of calls is to use an object (the DTO) that aggregates the data that would have been transferred by the several calls, but that is served by one call only.

The difference between data transfer objects and business objects or data access objects is that a DTO does not have any behavior except for storage and retrieval of its own data (accessors and mutators). DTOs are simple objects that should not contain any business logic that would require testing.
GAC Global Assembly Cache The Global Assembly Cache (GAC) is a machine-wide CLI assembly cache for the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). The approach of having a specially controlled central repository addresses the flaws in the shared library concept and helps to avoid pitfalls of other solutions that led to drawbacks like DLL hell.

There are two ways to interact with the GAC: the Global Assembly Cache Tool (gacutil.exe) and the Assembly Cache Viewer (shfusion.dll). The newer interface, the Assembly Cache Viewer, is integrated into Windows Explorer. Browsing %windir%\assembly\ (for example, C:\WINDOWS\assembly) displays the assemblies contained in the cache along with their versions, culture, public key token, and processor architecture. Assemblies are installed by dragging and dropping and uninstalled by selecting and pressing the delete key or using the context menu.
  gateway A gateway is a node (router) in a computer network, a key stopping point for data on its way to or from other networks. Thanks to gateways, we are able to communicate and send data back and forth. The Internet wouldn't be any use to us without gateways (as well as a lot of other hardware and software). A gateway is often associated with a router. A router is hardware—a small piece of computer/network-related equipment that connects you to the Internet.
GbE Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet, or GbE, is a version of the Ethernet technology broadly used in local area networks (LANs) for transmitting Ethernet frames at 1 Gbps. It is used as a backbone in many networks, particularly those of large organizations. Gigabit Ethernet is an extension to the preceding 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps 802.3 Ethernet standards. It supports 1,000 Mbps bandwidth while maintaining full compatibility with the installed base of around 100 million Ethernet nodes.
GNU GNU's Not Unix! GNU's Not Unix!, or GNU, is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software. GNU is composed wholly of free software licensed under the GNU General Public License, or GPL.

GNU Website
  GNU Automake In software development, GNU Automake is a programming tool to automate parts of the compilation process. It eases usual compilation problems. For example, it points to needed dependencies.

My Automake Notes
  GNU Project The GNU Project, is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on September 27, 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT. Its aim is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices, by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on the following freedom rights: users are free to run the software, share it (copy, distribute), study it and modify it. GNU software guarantees these freedom-rights legally (via its license), and is therefore free software; the use of the word "free" always being taken to refer to freedom.
GNOME GNU Network Object Model Environment GNOME is a desktop environment that is composed entirely of free and open-source software. Its target operating system is Linux, but it is also supported on most derivatives of BSD.
GPG GNU Privacy Guard GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG or GPG) is a free software replacement for Symantec's PGP cryptographic software suite. GnuPG is compliant with RFC 4880, which is the IETF standards track specification of OpenPGP. Modern versions of PGP and Veridis' Filecrypt are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP-compliant systems.
  Hortonworks Hortonworks is a business computer software company based in Santa Clara, CA. The company focuses on the development and support of Apache Hadoop.
HDP Hortonworks Data Platform Hortonworks' product named Hortonworks Data Platform (HDP) includes Apache Hadoop and is used for storing, processing, and analyzing large volumes of data.

YARN and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) are the cornerstone components of Hortonworks Data Platform (HDP). While HDFS provides the scalable, fault-tolerant, cost-efficient storage for your big data lake, YARN provides the centralized architecture that enables you to process multiple workloads simultaneously. YARN provides the resource management and pluggable architecture for enabling a wide variety of data access methods.
  help2man help2man is a program that converts the output of standard --help and --version command-line arguments into a manual page automatically. It lets developers include a manual page in their distribution without having to maintain that document. Since Texinfo is the official documentation format of the GNU Project, this also provides a way to generate a placeholder man page pointing to that resource while still providing some useful information.

My help2man Notes
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol The Internet Control Message Protocol, or ICMP, is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, like routers, to send error messages indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. ICMP can also be used to relay query messages. It is assigned protocol number 1. ICMP differs from transport protocols such as TCP and UDP in that it is not typically used to exchange data between systems, nor is it regularly employed by end-user network applications (with the exception of some diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute).
IP Internet Protocol The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for routing datagrams (packets) from a source host to a destination host across one or more IP networks. For this purpose, the Internet Protocol defines the format of packets and provides an addressing system that has two functions: Identifying hosts and providing a logical location service.

It controls routing of information to different computers, devices and servers on the network. The concepts of IP addresses, subnet masking and default gateways fall within IP. It is a routable protocol. This meant that networks could be divided into multiple subnetworks. The router is considered to be the boundary to a subnetwork. The computers and devices behind or attached to a router is your subnetwork.

IP is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
  IP Address Internet Protocol Address (or IP Address) is an unique address that computing devices such as personal computers, tablets, and smartphones use to identify itself and communicate with other devices in the IP network. Any device connected to the IP network must have an unique IP address within the network. An IP address is analogous to a street address or telephone number in that it is used to uniquely identify an entity.

The traditional IP Addresses (known as IPv4) uses a 32-bit number to represent an IP address, and it defines both network and host address. A 32-bit number is capable of providing roughly 4 billion unique numbers, and hence IPv4 addresses running out as more devices are connected to the IP network. A new version of the IP protocol (IPv6) has been invented to offer virtually limitless number of unique addresses.

An IP address is written in "dotted decimal" notation, which is 4 sets of numbers separated by period each set representing 8-bit number ranging from (0-255). An example of IPv4 address is 216.3.128.12, which is the IP address previously assigned to iplocation.net.

An IPv4 address is divided into two parts: network and host address. The network address determines how many of the 32 bits are used for the network address, and remaining bits for the host address. The host address can further divided into subnetwork and host number.
  Java Java, is a general-purpose computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.
JSF JavaServer Faces JavaServer Faces is a Java specification for building component-based user interfaces for web applications. It was formalized as a standard through the Java Community Process and is part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.
KDE   KDE is an international free software community producing free and libre software like Plasma Desktop, KDE Frameworks and many cross-platform applications designed to run on modern Unix-like and Microsoft Windows systems. The Plasma Desktop is a desktop environment provided as the default work environment on many Linux distributions, such as openSUSE, Mageia, Kubuntu, Manjaro Linux and also the default desktop environment on PC-BSD, a BSD operating system.
  kernel The kernel is a computer program that constitutes the central core of a computer's operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system. As such, it is the first program loaded on startup, and then manages the remainder of the startup, as well as input/output requests from software, translating them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit. It is also responsible for managing memory, and for managing and communicating with computing peripherals, like printers, speakers, etc. The kernel is a fundamental part of a modern computer's operating system.
  Lisp Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by one year). Lisp has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history. Today, the most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp and Scheme.
  MapR MapR is an enterprise software company that develops and sells Apache Hadoop-derived software. The company contributes to Apache Hadoop projects like HBase, Pig, Apache Hive, and Apache ZooKeeper. MapR's Apache Hadoop distribution claims to provide full data protection, no single points of failure, improved performance, and dramatic ease of use advantages.
  MapReduce MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster.

A MapReduce program is composed of a Map() procedure (method) that performs filtering and sorting (such as sorting students by first name into queues, one queue for each name) and a Reduce() method that performs a summary operation (such as counting the number of students in each queue, yielding name frequencies). The "MapReduce System" (also called "infrastructure" or "framework") orchestrates the processing by marshalling the distributed servers, running the various tasks in parallel, managing all communications and data transfers between the various parts of the system, and providing for redundancy and fault tolerance.

MapReduce libraries have been written in many programming languages, with different levels of optimization. A popular open-source implementation that has support for distributed shuffles is part of Apache Hadoop.
MDX MultiDimensional eXpressions Multidimensional Expressions, or MDX, is a query language for OLAP databases. Much like SQL, it is a query language for relational databases. It is also a calculation language, with syntax similar to spreadsheet formulas.

The MultiDimensional eXpressions language provides a specialized syntax for querying and manipulating the multidimensional data stored in OLAP cubes. While it is possible to translate some of these into traditional SQL, it would frequently require the synthesis of clumsy SQL expressions even for very simple MDX expressions. MDX has been embraced by a wide majority of OLAP vendors and has become the standard for OLAP systems.

MSDN Reference
MVC Model View Controller MVC is one of three ASP.NET programming models.

MVC is a framework for building web applications using a MVC (Model View Controller) design:

  • The Model represents the application core (for instance a list of database records).
  • The View displays the data (the database records).
  • The Controller handles the input (to the database records).

The MVC model also provides full control over HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Wikipedia
  Network Account Databases Many networks emply network account databases. Such systems include the Network Information System (NIS), and update to this system called NIS+, the Light-weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), Kerberos realms, and Active Directory (AD) domains. All of these system move account database management onto a single centralized computer (often with one or more backup systems). The advantage of this approach to account maintenance is that users and administrators need not deal with maintaining accounts independently on multiple computers.
NAT Network Address Translation Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in Internet Protocol (IP) datagram packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. The technique was originally used for ease of rerouting traffic in IP networks without renumbering every host. It has become a popular and essential tool in conserving global address space allocations in face of IPv4 address exhaustion by sharing one Internet-routable IP address of a NAT gateway for an entire private network.
NDCS NetDataContractSerializer The NetDataContractSerializer, or NDCS, is a serializer or formatter that clones object graphs. It is capable of creating true clones of objects. It was developed and used within the CSLA framework.
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe or PCI-E) is a serial expansion bus standard for connecting a computer to one or more peripheral devices.
  PowerApps In PowerApps, you can manage organizational data by running an app that you created or that someone else created and shared with you. Apps run on mobile devices such as phones, or you can run them in a browser by opening Dynamics 365. You can create an infinite variety of apps – all without learning a programming language such as C#.
  Python Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.
RPC Remote Procedure Call In distributed computing a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network), which is coded as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly coding the details for the remote interaction.
SL Silverlight Microsoft Silverlight is a deprecated application framework for writing and running rich Internet applications, similar to Adobe Flash. A plugin for Silverlight is available for some browsers. Microsoft announced the end of life of Silverlight 5 in 2012. In 2013, Microsoft announced that they had ceased development of Silverlight except for patches and bugfixes. Silverlight is no longer supported in Chrome on OS X, while support for Silverlight in Chrome on all other operating systems was disabled by default in April 2015 and was removed completely in September 2015.
  Snowball Snowball is a small string processing programming language designed for creating stemming algorithms for use in information retrieval.
SOA Service-Oriented Architecture A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern in computer software design in which application components provide services to other components via a communications protocol, typically over a network. The principles of service-orientation are independent of any vendor, product or technology.
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP, or the Simple Object Access Protocol is a protocol used in computing. Web services use this protocol to communicate. SOAP uses XML to encode a message. It uses other application-layer protocols, for transport, and content negotiation, for example HTTP and Remote Procedure Call. The most common combination is to use SOAP with HTTP and TCP. There are different versions, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2. Since version 1.2, the protocol is simply called SOAP. This is because the protocol is not simple, and that it can be used for other purposes than accessing objects.
SqlCe SQL Server Compact Edition Microsoft SQL Server Compact (SQL CE) is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition. The latest release is the SQL Server Compact 4.0 supporting .NET Framework 4.0, and dropping support for Windows Mobile in this release. It includes both 32-bit and 64-bit native support. SQL CE targets occasionally connected applications and applications with an embedded database. It is free to download and redistribute. An ODBC driver for SQL CE does not exist, nor is one planned. Native applications may use SQL CE via OLE DB.
SSMS SQL Server Management Studio
SVN Apache Subversion Apache Subversion (often abbreviated SVN, after the command name svn) is a software versioning and revision control system distributed as free software under the Apache License. Software developers use Subversion to maintain current and historical versions of files such as source code, web pages, and documentation. Its goal is to be a mostly compatible successor to the widely used Concurrent Versions System (CVS).
Subnet Mask An IP address has two components. They are:
  • network identifier or address
  • address of the device on the network
The network identifier is on the left side of the IP address while the device address is on the right side of the IP address. The number of bits used for the network identifier is dependent on the class of the network.

There are three network classes. they are A, B, and C. Each of these classes have predefined bit lengths used to determine the network address.

First 3 Bits Network Class
000 A
100 B
110 C

Let's say my IP address is 192.168.1.80. The first number, 192, is actually a binary value of 11000000. The first three bits, 110, identifies this network as a Class C network.

Now that we know what Network Class this IP address is using, we can determine the number of bits in an IP address that is considered to be the network address.

Network Class Number of Bits
A 8
B 16
C 24

In the previous example of using the IP address 192.168.1.80, we know we are using a Class C network. Using the table, the first 24 bits represent the network identifier while the remaining 8 bits represent a device identifier. So the values 192.168.1 is the network identifier and 80 is my device identifier.

The subnet mask represents the values in an IP address that represent the network identifier. Since it was the first 24 bits, set the first 24 bits in the IP address to 1s and set the last 8 bits to 0s. That means that in a binary format, we would have a mask that looks like 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. The can be represented as 255.255.255.0 in octal. So in this example, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
TCP Transmission Control Protocol Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP, deals with how computers communicate with each other. IP deals with how computers locate each other. Once the computers have located each other, then TCP is used for communication. This controls the language and speed of the communications.

Windowing is the term used to describe the process of sending data between two computers. Data is broken down into smaller chunks of data called packets. Once the packets are defined at the source computer, the packets are transmitted to the target computer. This process starts out by sending only a few packets at a time. As time goes on in the transmission process, the number of packets are that are transmitted at a time increases as long the packets are received.

TCP is part of the larger TCP/IP protocol suite.
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol A Universal Naming Convention (UNC) string is used to specify the location of resources such as shared files or devices.
  Trusted Domain A trusted domain is a domain that the local system trusts to authenticate users. In other words, if a user or application is authenticated by a trusted domain, this authentication is accepted by all domains that trust the authenticating domain.
  TrustedHost The WS-Management TrustedHosts list is a list of trusted resources for your computer. The TrustedHosts list consists of a comma-separated list of computer names, IP addresses, and fully-qualified domain names. Only members of the Administrators group on the computer have permission to change the list of trusted hosts on the computer.

To view the current TrustedHost list, from Windows PowerShell, enter the following command: Get-Item WSMan:\localhost\Client\TrustedHosts.
UNC Universal Naming Convention Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is actually a 'suite' of protocols that includes Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). It also includes several other protocols.

The components of a TCP/IP network includes an IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, DNS Server, Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) and Network Address Translation (NAT).
WAS Windows Activation Service Windows Process Activation Service (also known as WAS) is the process activation mechanism introduced within Internet Information Services v7.0.

Windows Activation Service builds on the existing Internet Information Services v6.0 but is more powerful because it provides support for other protocols besides HTTP, such as TCP and Named Pipes. Windows Activation Service extends the ASP.NET HTTP hosting concept (ASMX Web Services). As a standalone Windows component, Windows Activation Service is completely separated from the IIS hosting environment and provides a protocol-agnostic activation mechanism not limited to HTTP.

Windows Activation Service allows the developers to choose the most appropriate protocol for their needs. For HTTP, data transfer relies on the ASP.NET HTTP. For protocols, such as TCP and Named Pipes, Windows Activation Service leverages the extensibility points of ASP.NET for transferring data.

These capabilities are implemented in the form of protocol handlers, which manage communication between the worker process and the Windows service. There are two types of protocol handlers loaded when the WAS activates a worker process instance: Process Protocol Handler (PPH) and App Domain Protocol Handler (ADPH).
WCF Windows Communication Foundation The Windows Communication Foundation, or WCF, is a runtime and a set of APIs in the .NET Framework for building connected, service-oriented applications.

WCF is a tool often used to implement and deploy a service-oriented architecture (SOA). It is designed using service-oriented architecture principles to support distributed computing where services have remote consumers. Clients can consume multiple services; services can be consumed by multiple clients. Services are loosely coupled to each other. Services typically have a WSDL interface (Web Services Description Language) that any WCF client can use to consume the service, regardless of which platform the service is hosted on. WCF implements many advanced Web services (WS) standards such as WS-Addressing, WS-ReliableMessaging and WS-Security. With the release of .NET Framework 4.0, WCF also provides RSS Syndication Services, WS-Discovery, routing and better support for REST services.
WinRM Windows Remote Management Windows Remote Management is one component of the Windows Hardware Management features that manage server hardware locally and remotely. These features include a service that implements the WS-Management protocol, hardware diagnosis and control through baseboard management controllers (BMCs), and a COM API and scripting objects that allow you to write applications that communicate remotely through the WS-Management protocol.
WinRT Windows Runtime Windows Runtime, or WinRT, is a platform-homogeneous application architecture first introduced in Windows Server 2012 in September 2012. WinRT supports development in C++/CX (Component Extensions, a language based on C++) and the managed code languages C# and VB.NET, as well as JavaScript and TypeScript. WinRT applications natively support both the x86 and ARM architectures, and also run inside a sandboxed environment to allow for greater security and stability. WinRT components are designed with interoperability between multiple languages and APIs in mind, including native, managed and scripting languages.
WMI Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) consists of a set of extensions to the Windows Driver Model that provides an operating system interface through which instrumented components provide information and notification. WMI is Microsoft's implementation of the Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Common Information Model (CIM) standards from the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF).
WP Windows Phone Windows Phone, or WP, is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language. Unlike Windows Mobile, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market.
WP7 Windows Phone 7 Windows Phone 7 was the first release of the Windows Phone mobile client operating system, released worldwide on October 21, 2010, and in the United States on November 8, 2010. It received multiple large updates, the last being Windows Phone 7.8, which was released in January 2013. It added a few features backported from Windows Phone 8, such as a more customizable start screen. Microsoft ended support for Windows Phone 7 on October 14, 2014.
WPF Windows Presentation Foundation Windows Presentation Foundation (or WPF) is a graphical subsystem for rendering user interfaces in Windows-based applications by Microsoft. WPF, previously known as "Avalon", was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0. Rather than relying on the older GDI subsystem, WPF uses DirectX.
WF Workflow Foundation Windows Workflow Foundation, or WF, is a Microsoft technology that provides an API, an in-process workflow engine, and a rehostable designer to implement long-running processes as workflows within .NET applications. The current version of WF was released as part of the .NET Framework version 4.5 and is referred to as (WF45).

A workflow, as defined here, is a series of distinct programming steps or phases. Each step is modeled in WF as an Activity. The .NET Framework provides a library of activities (such as WriteLine, an activity that writes text to the console or other form of output). Custom activities can also be developed for additional functionality. Activities can be assembled visually into workflows using the Workflow Designer, a design surface that runs within Visual Studio. The designer can also be hosted in other applications.
WSDL Web Service Definition Language The Web Service Definition Language, or WSDL, is an XML format for describing network services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint.
WS-Management Web-Services-Management The WS-Management protocol was developed by a group of hardware and software manufacturers as a public standard for remotely exchanging management data with any computer device that implements the protocol. The intent of the protocol is to provide consistency and interoperability for management operations across many types of devices (including firmware) and operating systems. WS-Management protocol can be extended as new operations are identified by the IT industry.
YARN Yet Another Resource Negotiator YARN is one of the key features in the second-generation Hadoop 2 version of the Apache Software Foundation's open source distributed processing framework. Originally described by Apache as a redesigned resource manager, YARN is now characterized as a large-scale, distributed operating system for big data applications.In 2012, YARN became a sub-project of the larger Apache Hadoop project. Sometimes called MapReduce 2.0, YARN is a software rewrite that decouples MapReduce's resource management and scheduling capabilities from the data processing component, enabling Hadoop to support more varied processing approaches and a broader array of applications.